Oregon Educator Licensure Assessments (ORELA) Practice Exam

How are "emergent spellers" categorized in reading development?

1. Beginning readers

2. Highly proficient readers

3. Advanced spellers

4. Transitional readers

The correct answer is: Beginning readers

Emergent spellers are categorized as beginning readers because they are at the foundational stage of literacy development. At this stage, children are beginning to understand the relationship between sounds and letters but may not yet be able to spell words accurately or read complete texts. Their spelling reflects their attempts to represent sounds they hear, which is an essential step in the learning process. This phase is critical as it sets the groundwork for more advanced literacy skills, allowing them to transition into more proficient reading and writing stages as they develop their understanding of phonetics, vocabulary, and syntax. The other categories mentioned refer to different stages of reading development. Highly proficient readers have a strong command of written language and can comprehend complex texts. Advanced spellers possess a more developed understanding of spelling patterns and rules, while transitional readers are typically moving between emergent and fluent reading and may exhibit characteristics of both early and more advanced readers.